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The West region is home to diverse landscapes and energy sources, including abundant renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydropower. However, the region faces unique transmission challenges due to vast geographic distances, isolated load pockets, and complex topography. Effective transmission planning is essential for integrating renewable energy and improving grid reliability. With ambitious decarbonization goals, the West needs enhanced transmission infrastructure to facilitate energy exchange and support the integration of clean energy sources.
Key Transmission Challenges in the West
- Regional Grid Constraints
The West’s transmission system is fragmented, with limited interconnection between states and regions, resulting in congestion and inefficiencies. Areas like California often experience grid stress due to high renewable generation, while remote renewable energy sources in states like Wyoming and Montana struggle to connect to demand centers. - Renewable Energy Integration
The West’s renewable potential is vast, but the lack of transmission infrastructure makes it challenging to move renewable energy from generation points to population centers. Significant investments are required to support solar, wind, and hydropower integration. - Siting and Permitting Obstacles
Siting new transmission lines in the West can be difficult due to environmental concerns, Native American land considerations, and public opposition. Additionally, federal land management agencies play a significant role in permitting processes, adding complexity to project timelines.
Federal and State Roles in West Transmission Planning
- Federal Oversight and Support
Federal agencies like the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Department of Energy (DOE) play an essential role in shaping transmission policy in the West. FERC’s oversight of transmission planning and cost allocation directly impacts RTOs like CAISO (California Independent System Operator), which manages much of the region’s grid. - State and Local Involvement
In California, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) is a key player in transmission planning and permitting. States like Nevada and Arizona have also made strides in creating renewable energy zones but face challenges in gaining local support for transmission projects.
FERC Order No. 1920: Impact on West Region
- How FERC Order No. 1920 Applies to the West
FERC Order No. 1920 calls for long-term, scenario-based regional transmission planning, which is crucial for the West. This order encourages greater consideration of advanced transmission technologies and the expansion of transmission networks to facilitate renewable energy integration. The order also aims to reform cost allocation processes, which will help share the financial burden of large infrastructure projects. - Advanced Transmission Technologies (ATTs) in the West
The West has been a leader in integrating Advanced Transmission Technologies (ATTs), such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines and dynamic line rating systems. These technologies help address congestion and improve the efficiency of energy flow, making it easier to transport renewable energy across the region.
Regional Transmission and Interregional Planning
- Regional Transmission Planning
The Western Energy Imbalance Market (WEIM) and other regional entities work to balance supply and demand and integrate renewable resources. However, stronger transmission ties between states and regions are needed to optimize the grid and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. - Interregional Transmission Planning
Interregional planning in the West is critical for enhancing grid reliability and integrating renewable energy across state lines. Improved transmission connections with neighboring regions like the Pacific Northwest and the Rocky Mountain states could facilitate energy sharing and improve grid resilience.
Key Stakeholders and Initiatives
- Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs)
The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) plays a dominant role in transmission planning in the West. Other regional entities, like the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), are also involved in facilitating grid coordination. - Collaborative Initiatives and Advocacy Groups
Groups like the Western Grid Group and Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative (RETI) are working to streamline transmission development and promote renewable energy in the West. Additionally, initiatives like the Clean Power Pathways project are exploring new transmission corridors to connect renewable energy resources to demand centers.
Take Action & Get Involved
Join local and state advocacy groups pushing for transmission solutions, contact your elected representatives to support regional transmission planning, or engage with utilities and developers to ensure the West’s transmission infrastructure meets the demands of the future. Visit our Take Action page now!